3. From using wireless internet in a coffee shop or stealing it from the guy
next door to competing for bandwidth at a conference, the most probable
cause of frustration is the decreasing speed due to more than one device
being are tapped into the network.
If we have a limited internet plan, say for example 5GB for 30days, then
we have to make sure that that our network isn’t being used by someone
else( i.e. We have to password protect our network, thereby preventing
unauthorized extra usage).
The radio waves used for transmitting data in WIFI networks has
detrimental impact on human health.
3
5. Light Fidelity: And this technology is called“Light Fidelity”, popularly
know as LIFI
Data Through Illumination: A German physicist, Dr. Harald Haas, has
come up with a solution to address the problems with WIFI networks, he
calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics by
sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than
the human eye can follow.
5G Visible Light Communication, Technology: LI-FI is 5G Visible Light
Communication, Technology.
The light from light emitting diodes (LED’s) is used as medium to
deliver networked, mobile, high speed communication:
5
7. Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communication (VLC), technology developed by a team of
scientists including Dr. Gordon Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr.
Mostafa Afgani at the University of Edinburgh.
7
Prof. Harald Haas
9. Professor Harald Haas, from the University of
Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the
original founder of Li-Fi. He coined the term Li-Fi
and is Chairman of Mobile Communications at the
University of Edinburgh and co-founder of pure
LiFi.
The general term visible light communication
(VLC), includes any use of the visible light portion
of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit
information.
The D-Light project at Edinburgh's Institute for
Digital Communications was funded from January
2010 to January 2012.
9
10. Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED Global talk
and helped start a company to market it.
In October 2011, companies and industry groups formed the
Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed optical wireless
systems and to overcome the limited amount of radio-based
wireless spectrum available by exploiting a completely
different part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
VLC technology was exhibited in 2012 using Li-Fi.
10
11. By August 2013, data rates of over 1.6 Gbit/s were demonstrated over a
single color LED.
In October 2013, it was reported Chinese manufacturers were working on
Li-Fi development kits.
Philips lighting company has developed a VLC system for shoppers at
stores. They have to download an app on their smartphone and then their
smartphone works with the LEDs in the store.
11
15. Different Electromagnetic Spectrums and
their potential
15
Radio Waves Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X Rays Gamma Rays
In sufficient
spectrum
for
increasing
data
Low power
application
Which is
not used
so far.
Dangerous
for human
body
Used for
hospitals
and
security
checking
It is not
used
generally
18. White LED light bulbs: Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light
bulbs at the downlink transmitter which is normally used for illumination only
by applying a constant current.
18
19. Optical output is varied at extremely high speed: The LEDs can be
switched on and off very quickly which gives nice opportunity for data
transfer in the form of Binary code. Hence, by fast and subtle variations of
the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high
speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup.
Operational Procedure: The operational procedure is very simple-, if the
LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it’s off you transmit a 0.
Hence it is possible to encode the data into the LED’s by using a encoders
,we just have to vary at which LED’s flicker depending on the data we
want to encode to give different strings of 0’s and 1’s.
UK researches say that using a micro-LED light bulb they have achieved a
data transmission speed of 10Gbps using LI-FI.
19
21. Non technical Perspective
10,000 times as broad a spectrum as the radio frequencies which Wi-Fi uses.
Light bulbs are made to flicker at extremely high speed that human eye
can’t detect.
21
22. Properties of LIFI
Light-based Wi-Fi: LIFI uses light instead of radio waves to transmit
information. And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiver-
fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive
information. Since simple light bulbs are used, there can technically be any
number of access points.
Unutilized electromagnetic spectrum is used: This technology uses a
part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly utilized.
No major ill effect: Light is in fact very much part of our lives for
millions and millions of years and does not have any major ill effect.
22
24. Source
A high brightness white LED, acts as a communication source It’s guided by the
PCB and powered by PA and is enclosed in an aluminum enclosure.
Bulb: The high concentration of energy in the electric field vaporizes the
contents of the bulb to a plasma state at the bulb’s center; this controlled
plasma generates an intense source of light.
RF power amplifier circuit (PA): An RF (radio-frequency) signal is
generated by the solid-state PA(Power Amplifier) and is guided into an
electric field about the bulb.
24
25. Printed circuit board (PCB): The PCB controls the electrical inputs
and outputs of the lamp and houses the microcontroller used to manage
different lamp functions.
Enclosure: All of these subassemblies are contained in an aluminum
enclosure
25
26. Receiver
A Silicon photodiode, which shows good response to visible wavelength
region serving as the receiving element.
26
27. Properties of Silicon Photodiode 27
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into current.
The current is generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode.
Silicon photodiodes manufactured to cover a broad spectral range from the
near infrared to ultraviolet and even to high-energy regions.
They also feature high-speed response, high sensitivity and low noise.
28. Silicon photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications including
medical and analytical fields, scientific measurements, optical
communications and general electronic products.
Silicon photodiodes are available in various packages such as metal,
ceramic and plastic packages as well as in surface mount types.
28
30. LIFI Network
A few additional features required to provide the same qualities as an
RF-based wireless network: A wireless local area network based on Li-Fi
technology needs some additional features to provide the same qualities as
an RF-based wireless network, without losing the main advantages Li-Fi
technology is able to provide.
The missing links for a fully developed Li-Fi WLAN are elaborated in the
next few slides
30
31. The Li-Fi room connector
Optical signals can’t penetrate walls.
Li-Fi room connector is a replicator who sends the data stream from
one side of the wall to the other side of the wall via an optical fibre
cables.
31
33. The LIFI Router
Serves as connection to the external link:
The Li-Fi router is the networks connection
to the external link (fibre optic cable, DSL,
GigE, etc.).
Useful for small office or home use with
cloud & server functions: The application is
mainly useful for small office or home use
with cloud & server functions.
The product is however developed to a
proof-of-concept stage.
33
39. Hospitals
Places where Wi-Fi isn’t allowed due to radiation concerns: LIFI can
be used in operating rooms where Wi-Fi isn’t allowed due to radiation
concerns.
In invasive bio medical instruments: It may also be used in invasive bio
medical instruments where it’s not safe to use other radio frequencies.
39
41. In Vehicles and Traffic Lights
Avoidance of Accidents:
LIFI is sensors can be implanted in street lights, possible sending
your car info about road conditions other warnings: One of the
smartest application of LIFI is sensors can be implanted in street lights,
possible sending your car info about road conditions, warning you
about the guy you can’t see speeding towards the intersection, or
instantly transmitting his plate number to the cops when he does.
Sensors implanted in front and rear bumpers could receive data
transmitted from rear lights of other car:
41
43. Offices
Alternative to Optical Fibres: A common problem within offices is that
fiber optic cable can’t afforded yet high speed internet is required. Li-Fi
cheaply solves the office Internet woes and adds a layer of security to boot.
100 Mbps connections.
Encoded Transmissions: Plus, added encoded transmissions.
43
46. Lecture Halls/ Seminars
Downloading notes from blogs of respective teachers: Often we
encounter teachers telling us to download lecture notes from their blog in
my time. With LIFI the notes could be downloaded by the students in the
hall itself, so that they could follow along as the lecture progressed.
Interactive classroom with interconnected devices: Imagine how
interactive the classroom could be with real-time interconnectivity
between 500 devices.
Sharing questions not only with teachers but the entire class: Sharing
questions with not only the teacher but the entire class, and no one need be
left behind.
46
48. Incorporation of LIFI Sensors in Light
Posts
News Updates
Updates about Natural Calamity
Emergency Communication in Subway stations and tunnels, and
other common dead zones
Cheap high-speed Web access to every street corner
48
50. Smart Museums
Deliver much more information on pieces in their collection than those
tiny cards they paste.
Learn about the artist’s history, listen to an audio tour, peruse recent
auctions of their work, etc….
50
51. CONCLUSION
The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If
this technology can be put into practical use , every bulb can be used
something like a Li-Fi hotspots to transmit wireless data.
51
“Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs. These devices are normally used for illumination by applying a constant current through the LED. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. Unseen by the human eye, this variation is used to carry high-speed data,” says Dr Povey, Product Manager of the University of Edinburgh's Li-Fi Program ‘D-Light Project’.
Dr. Gordon Povey German Physicist , Product Manager of the University of Edinburgh's Li-Fi Program ‘D-Light Project’.
Prof. Harald Haas Professor Harald Haas, from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the original founder of Li-Fi. He coined the term LIFI.
Dr. Mostafa Afgani VP Engineering at PureLiFi
A number of companies offer uni-directional VLC products which is not the same as Li-Fi.
(In USA)
However a mere side effect of Li-Fi is that your power cord immediately becomes your data stream, so if you have power, you have Internet. The only infrastructure is an equipped light bulb. Your internet provider doesn't even need to bring you a box, they just connect you to their power-grid-mounted signal relays, and you're online.
Solid State-> Solid-state electronics are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electrons, or other charge carriers, are confined entirely within the solid material.
At the heart of LIFI™ is the bulb sub-assembly where a sealed bulb is embedded in a dielectric material.
This design is more reliable than conventional light sources that insert degradable electrodes into the bulb.
The dielectric material serves two purposes:-
first as a waveguide for the RF energy transmitted by the PA
second as an electric field concentrator that focuses energy in the bulb.
The energy from the electric field rapidly heats the material in the bulb to a plasma state that emits light of high intensity and full spectrum.
A proof of concept (POC) or a proof of principle is a realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility, or a demonstration in principle, whose purpose is to verify that some concept or theory has the potential of being used. A proof of concept is usually small and may or may not be complete.
Airlines Airline Wi-Fi. Ugh. Nothing says captive audience like having to pay for the "service" of dial-up speed Wi-Fi on the plane. And don’t get me started on the pricing. The best I’ve heard so far is that passengers will "soon" be offered a "high-speed like" connection on some airlines. United is planning on speeds as high as 9.8 Mbps per plane. Uh, I have twice that capacity in my living room. And at the same price as checking a bag, I expect it. Li-Fi could easily introduce that sort of speed to each seat's reading light. I’ll be the guy WoWing next to you. It’s better than listening to you tell me about your wildly successful son, ma’am.
The entire lecture can be streamed in HD, downloaded and played back on every individual device in the room. Suddenly a slow lecture on a difficult subject can be a synergistic, adaptive learning experience, merely because you now have the bandwidth.
Peruse Examine
Smart Museums Another area where communications and radiation levels are intensely monitored, museums have strict rules about the environments where they store their treasures. What they do allow , all together now, is light. Li-Fi could enable a museum to deliver much more information on pieces in their collection than those tiny cards they paste to the walls could ever dream of. You could learn about the artist’s history, listen to an audio tour, peruse recent auctions of their work, and maybe even stream The Thomas Crown Affair. Extend this concept to art galleries and you can purchase the art right off the walls-- digitally.