2. List of Contents with hyperlinks
Ramadan : Introduction A
Blessed Month
Beginning
and End
Recommended
Deeds
Itâs
Significance
Ramadan and the
Quran Fasting
Tarawih Last Ashra Laylat al Qadr Itikaaf
Eid ul Fitr Zakat ul Fitr Eid Prayer Conclusion
4. Ramadan
Introduction
īŽ In Islam, a sacred month of fasting
īŽ The first revelation of the Quran
is commemorated in this month
īŽ 9th
month of the Muslim year
īŽ Because of the purely lunar calendar,
it falls in different seasons
5. Ramadan
Introduction
īŽ Month for devotion and acts of atonement
īŽ Fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadan
īŽ
Indulgence of any sort is forbidden during the fast
īŽ Increased praying and charity encouraged
6. Ramadan
Introduction
īŽ Ramadan fast, one of the Five Pillars of Islam
īŽ End of fasting celebrated as one of the
important religious holidays of Islam, Eid ul Fitr.
7. Ramadan
Introduction
Narrated by Abdullah ibn Umar
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Paradise is decorated for Ramadan from the
beginning of the year till a following year, and when
the first day of Ramadan comes, a wind under the
throne blows some of the leaves of paradise on the
maidens with large bright eyes, and they say, `My
Lord, appoint us husbands from among Thy servants,
with whom we shall be happy and who will be happy
with us."
Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith #1967
10. Ramadan
What is it ?
īŽ Ninth and the most sacred Islamic
month
īŽ for increased devotion and fasting
īŽ derived from ramd
īŽ Arabic for intense heat and sun-scorched ground
11. Ramadan
The word
īŽ The linguistic connection:
īŽ refers to hot, dry sensation of thirst during this month
īŽ Ramadan scorches evil like the sun scorches the
earth
īŽ heat shapes and influences matter â so does
Ramadan shape and influence the believer
13. Ramadan
Fasting
īŽ Quran, surah al Baqarah, verse 185
īŽ âThe month of Ramazan is that in which the Quran
was revealed, a guidance to men and clear proofs of
the guidance and the distinction; therefore whoever
of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein,
and whoever is sick or upon a journey, then (he shall
fast) a (like) number of other days; Allah desires ease
for you, and He does not desire for you difficulty, and
(He desires) that you should complete the number
and that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for
His having guided you and that you may give thanksâ
14. Ramadan
Fasting
īŽ Sacred because the first verses of
Quran were revealed by Allah to the
Prophetsaw
īŽ Fasting thought to figuratively burn away all sin
īŽ First day of the next month celebrated as
âFestival of Breaking Fastâ or Eid ul Fitr
15. Ramadan
Fasting
īŽ Saum in Islamic law is refraining from al-mufattiraat
(those actions that nullify the fast)
īŽ Starting from the second break of dawn (i.e. when
one can distinguish the break of [white] light from the
eastern horizon)
īŽ Until sunset
īŽ With the intention of doing so (as a form of worship)
17. Ramadan
Holy month
īŽ Ramadan is a time for
īŽ increased devotion
īŽ reading of the Quran
īŽ self-improvement
īŽ community involvement
īŽ charity
īŽ virtuous deeds
19. Ramadan
The new moon
īŽ When does Ramadan begin and end?
īŽ Islamic calendar is lunar
īŽ Gregorian date changes every year
īŽ Next Ramadan about 11-12 days earlier
īŽ Can fall in any season of the year
Takes about 35 years for Ramadan
to complete a whole cycle through the seasons
20. Ramadan
The new moon
īŽ Start/end of Ramadan traditionally based on
sighting the hilal
īŽ If seen by eve of 29 Shaaban, Ramadan on day 30
īŽ If not ,Shaaban 30 days & Ramadan the next day
īŽ
The same procedure applies at the end of Ramadan.
Western countries more likely to start a day earlier, as moonset
occurs later and more chance of lunar sighting on 29 Shaaban
22. Ramadan
3 Parts
īŽ The holy month of Ramadan is divided
into three parts:
īŽ Rahmat : meaning "mercy of God
īŽ Maghfirat : meaning "forgiveness of Godâ
īŽ Nijaat : meaning "salvation"
23. Ramadan
3 Parts
īŽ In the first part : Allah showers mercy and
blessings, so that his servants may acquire all their
needs
īŽ In the second part : the servants are purified
of past sins
īŽ In the third part : - Allah keeps them under His
benevolence and kindness
- accepts prayers
- keeps them safe from
His wrath in the Hereafter
24. Ramadan
Desired Actions
īŽ Good and desired actions specified for
Ramadan
.A. Careful performance of obligatory acts :
īŽ salaat
īŽ
fasting
25. Ramadan
Desired Actions
Narrated by Abu Huraira
I heard Allahâs Apostle saying regarding Ramadan,
"Whoever prayed at night in it (the month of
Ramadan) out of sincere faith and hoping for a
reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be
forgiven."
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith 3.226
26. Ramadan
Desired Actions
.B. Increasing the supererogatory acts:
īŽ reading Quran
īŽ performance of the Taraweeh prayer
īŽ performance of the Tahajjud prayer
īŽ giving charity
īŽ Itikaaf
27. Ramadan
Desired Actions
Narrated by Ibn Abbas
When the Prophet returned after performing his Hajj,
he asked Um Sinan Al-Ansari, "What did forbid you to
perform Hajj?" She replied, "Father of so-and-so (i.e.
her husband) had two camels and he performed Hajj
on one of them, and the second is used for the
irrigation of our land." The Prophet said (to her),
"Perform `Umra in the month of Ramadan, (as it is
equivalent to Hajj or Hajj with me (in reward).â
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith 3.86
30. Quran
Surah al Baqarah: 183
īŽ Fasting was made obligatory for the
followers of all the Prophets :
âO you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for
you, as it was prescribed for those who
preceded you; that perhaps you will be
mindful of God.â
31. Ramadan
Why is it important ?
īŽ The Holy Qurâan,
the greatest favor upon humankind, was gifted in
this month
īŽ
It is the month of Quran
īŽ Ramadan is declared by Allah
as a month of blessings
32. Ramadan
Why is it important ?
īŽ An annual institution containing all
conceivable attributes for
human excellence
īŽ training for the body and soul
īŽ a renewal of life
īŽ encouraging the spirit of sharing and giving
33. Hadith
īŽ The importance of this divine month
was reiterated by the Prophetsaw
when
he said,
âThe Month of Ramadan is the month of Allah
(God), bringing His Mercy and Forgiveness.â
34. Ramadan
Moral Significance
īŽ Month of obligatory fasting
īŽ fast of Ramadan commemorating the revelation of
Qur'an
īŽ A time to reflect and refresh pledge of being perfect
witnesses of the Prophetsâ lifestyle
īŽ Time to look at oneâs self critically
īŽ Abstinence and restrain practiced
35. Ramadan
Moral Significance
īŽ Saum of Ramadan instills
Taqwa and fear of Allah
controls 2 aspects of body, which are the
root causes of human downfall
- the stomach
- the private parts
36. Ramadan
Social Significance
īŽ Ramadan is known as the month of
invitations and visitations
īŽ Enhances and energizes friendships and family ties
īŽ The Prophetsaw
called it a month of sympathy
īŽ Instills empathy for the indigent
īŽ An equalizer of rich and poor
37. Ramadan
Spiritual Significance
īŽ The Prophet (pbuh) said that
"When Ramadan starts, the gates of paradise are
opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the
Satans are chained. â
īŽ The Prophet (pbuh) has said in the meaning:
âWoe to one, Ramadan reached to him but
he could not use it for forgiveness of his
sinsâ
īŽ Allah denies access of Satans to believers deeds so
they can come closer to Him
38. Ramadan
Spiritual Significance
īŽ Instills the essence of consciousness of
Allah
īŽ increases moral courage
īŽ guides the heart (Qalb) from spoilage and moral
indecency
īŽ level of Taqwa is raised, the person avoids the sins
īŽ A believer becomes one with religion
īŽ Feels a genuine need to do good
39. Ramadan
Spiritual Significance
īŽ The Prophet (pbuh) said
"Fasting is regarded as having acquired half
of
patience"
īŽ Patience is the pinnacle of self-mastery, discipline
and spiritual agility
īŽ Rigorous disciplining during Ramadan
īŽ Leading of a more refined and introspective life
41. Ramadan
Spiritual Significance
Narrated by Abu Huraira, The Holy Prophet, pbuh, said,
"Whoever believes in Allah and His Apostle, offers
prayers perfectly and fasts (the month of) Ramadan
then it is incumbent upon Allah to admit him into
Paradise, whether he emigrates for Allah`s cause or
stays in the land where he was born."
They (the companions of the Prophet) said, "O Allah`s Apostle!
Should we not inform the people of that?" He said, "There are
one-hundred degrees in Paradise which Allah has prepared for
those who carry on Jihad in His Cause. The distance between
every two degrees is like the distance between the sky and the
Earth, so if you ask Allah for anything, ask Him for the Firdaus,
for it is the last part of Paradise and the highest part of
Paradise, and at its top there is the Throne of the Beneficent,
and from it gush forth the rivers of Paradise."
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith 9.519
42. Ramadan
Significance for Health
īŽ Improves all aspects of health
īŽ Regularises life
īŽ Moderates lifestyle
īŽ Time to give up bad habits
īŽ Control over addictions
īŽ Detoxifies and purifies body
īŽ Rests the digestive system (stomach, secretions)
īŽ Beneficial for blood pressure, obesity
īŽ
Better mental health (less stress, more inner peace)
43. Ramadan
Blessings
īŽ Ramadan is the period of purgation
īŽ The blessings of Ramadan are not limited to
fasting alone
īŽ any worship is rewarded many times over
īŽ good deeds also a source of great Divine favor
īŽ Muslims ask for Allah's blessings to make their life
meaningful
44. Ramadan
Acceptance of Duas
īŽ In Ramadan Allah answers the servantâs
supplicationÂ
īŽ The Prophet, pbuh, said:
âTo every Muslim is an answered supplication
(duâaa) in Ramadan.âÂ
īŽ this particular time is at IftarÂ
45. Ramadan
Reading Quran
īŽ It is the duty of every Muslim to read Quran
in Ramadan
- try to understand meaning of the Quran &
- gain insight into the Divine message enshrined
therein
īŽ It brings peace and illumination to the mind
īŽ
Imparts purity to the soul
46. Ramadan
Historical Importance
īŽ Of historical significance too :
īŽ the revelations of the Holy Qur'an commenced in this
month
īŽ Battle of Badr fought in Ramadan
īŽ Conquest of Mecca also took place during this month
49. Quran
Surah al Baqarah: 185
īŽ Ramadhan is the (month) in which the Qur'an was
sent down, as a guide to mankind, also clear (Signs)
for guidance and judgment (Between right and
wrong). So every one of you who is present (at his
home) during that month should spend it in fastingâĻâ
50. Ramadan and Quran
The Link
īŽ This Quranic verse explains the inseparable link
between Quran and Ramadan
īŽ The revelation to Prophet Muhammadsaw
began in this
month
īŽ The night in which the Qur'an was revealed is known
as The Night of Power or The Night of Destiny.
51. Ramadan
A celebration
īŽ Ramadan can be said to be a celebration of
the revelation
īŽ A celebration of the Quran as a living guidance to
humanity
īŽ A proof of the divinity of Allah
īŽ A proof of the authenticity of the prophethood of
Muhammadsaw
īŽ Proof of the supremacy of revelation over all else
52. Ramadan
Key facts about the Quran
Revelation Over 23 years
No. of surahs 114
Revealed in Mecca 86
Revealed in Medina 28
Total no. of verses 6239
Longest surah al Baqarah, 286 verses
Shortest surah al Kawthar, 3 verses
54. Ramadan
Laylat ul Qadr
īŽ Importance attached to this night
īŽ A time for especially fervent and devoted prayer
īŽ Rewards and blessings are manifold
īŽ Praying throughout this one night is better than a
thousand months of prayer
55. Ramadan
Finding Night of Power
īŽ No one knows exactly which night it is; it is one of
God's mysteries
īŽ The Prophetsaw
instructed Muslims to search for it
during the odd nights of the last 10 days of Ramadan
without specifying any day
īŽ Many scholars believe it to be on the 27th
56. Ramadan and Quran
The Link
īŽ Highly meritorious to complete reciting the
Quran in Ramadan
īŽ It was recited to the Prophet (peace be upon him) by
Jibreel (alayhi salaam) over a period of 23 years
īŽ Thus, Quran literally means
'recitation' or 'proclamation'
57. Ramadan and Quran
The Link
īŽ Muslims encouraged to read the Quran regularly and
more so in Ramadan
īŽ The Prophetsaw
used to recite the whole Quran to
Gabriel once every Ramadan and twice in the year in
which Hesaw
died
īŽ This practice emulated by completing the recitation of
Quran at least once Ramadan - especially in Tarawih
prayers
59. Hadith
Muslim
Hadith Qudsi
I swear by the One in Whose Hand is the soul of
Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to
Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of musk.
60. Ramadan
The Principle
īŽ The principle behind Saum
is to understand the plight of the poor and needy
pledge to live a more significant and meaningful life
61. Hadith
Prophet Mohammedsaw
said
"if a person observing fast does not shun untruth, his
having given up eating and drinking is of little value.
Such a person starves for nothing. And those who
rise in the midnight to recite prayers but do not give
up untruth and evil deeds, lose their sleep for
nothingâ
62. Ramadan
The Fast
īŽ For thirty days
īŽ abstain from food, drink, evil thoughts and sensual
indulgences
īŽ from shortly before sunrise to shortly after sunset
īŽ due reward for fasting
īŽ one who takes this obligation lightly is a sinner
63. Ramadan
The Niyyat
īŽ Intent of fasting
īŽ could be verbal and in any language
īŽ preferable to make Niyyat during night
i.e. prior to Subah Sadiq
īŽ without Niyyat, Saum is mere starvation
(time limit for validity of Niyyat for Saum is before the time of Nisfun-
Nahar i.e. midday in terms of the Shariah)
64. Ramadan
Meals
īŽ Special meals of the Saum :
īŽ
Suhoor before the Fajr prayers
īŽ
Iftar evening meal
often eaten communally
often including dates
65. Quran
Surah al Baqarah: 187
īŽ â...And now associate with them and seek what Allah
has ordained for you and eat and drink until the white
thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black
thread.â
66. Hadith
Ahmed
The Messenger of Allahsaw
said :Â
"Sahuur is a blessed meal, do not neglect it even if it
is a mouthful of drink. For Allah and the Angels bless
those who observe it."Â
67. Ramadan
A Special act
īŽ Of all the pillars of Islam, none is more
special than siyaam/ fasting
īŽ no possibility of Riya or show in fasting
īŽ only Allah knows the one really abstaining
īŽ fasting is considered a special worship
68. Ramadan
Benefits
īŽ Why fast?
īŽ to develop patience and self-control
īŽ to learn sympathy for the deprived
īŽ to cleanse the body and mind
69. Ramadan
Benefits
īŽ Why fast?
īŽ to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty
īŽ to demonstrate the depth of one's commitment
īŽ to protect against sin.
70. Ramadan
Hadith
The Holy Prophetsaw
said :
"Satan runs in the circulatory system of the son of
Adam in the same way blood circulates in our
system; so tighten his passages with hungerâ
Bukhari and Muslim
71. Ramadan
The 3 Grades of Fasting
īŽ Ordinary Fasting
abstaining from food, drink and sexual satisfaction
īŽ Special Fasting
abstinence and keeping ears, eyes, tongue, hands
and feet and allorgans free from sin
72. Ramadan
The 3 Grades of Fasting
īŽ Extra-special Fasting
abstinence & total disregard of everything but Allah
- this kind of Fast broken by thinking of worldly
matters
- consists of utmost dedication to Allah
īŽ To this third degree belongs fasting of Prophets, the
awliya and intimates of Allah
73. Ramadan
Hadith Qudsi
"All services of the son of Adam are for him except
fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward him for it.
Fasting is a shield. On the day you fast, do not use
obscenity, nor yell at others, nor act ignorantly
towards them. However, if anyone abuses you
verbally or attempts to draw you to fight with him, say
'I am fasting' two times. The Prophet (saas) then
states: I swore by the One (Allah) in Whose Hand is
the soul of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is
sweeter to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the
scent of musk. The faster experiences enjoyment
twice: he is pleased when he breaks his fast, and he
is pleased when he meets his Maker"
(Muslim)
74. Ramadan
Fasting
īŽ
Fasting is a shield
īŽ protects believer from sin (ma'asi)
īŽ eating increases blood flow and energy levels
īŽ making easier for Satan to use ones own energy level
to tempt to commit sins
75. Ramadan
A test
īŽ The fast is the single most important device
to test
īŽ the Iman
īŽ the depth of sincerity
īŽ commitment to the concept of Tauheed
76. Hadith
Tirmidhi
The Messenger of Allahsaw
has been reported
as saying:
"There are three categories of people whose
supplications will not be rejected:
- the person who observes the fast until he breaks it,
- a just ruler,
- and a person who has been oppressed."
77. Ramadan
Sunnahs of Fasting
īŽ 6 duties in fasting known as Sunnahs
- Sehri or predawn mealsÂ
- Iftar immediately after sunsetÂ
- Tarawih Salaat at nightÂ
- Feed the poor and hungryÂ
- Increased reading of the Holy QuranÂ
- Iâtikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadan
Â
78. Ramadan
Mustahabs of Fasting
To partake of Sehri
To delay the Sehri upto a little Subha Sadiq
Â
To break one's fast immediately after sunset
Â
To break one's fast with dates and water
To make Niyyat at night
79. Hadith
Bukhari, Fath ul Baari No.1933
īŽ "If he forgets (about the fast) and eats or
drinks absent-mindedly, then he should
continue his fast, because it was Allah who
fed him."
In another narration, "and there is no day
owed nor expiation required."
80. Ramadan
Makroohat of Fasting
To chew gum, rubber, plastic items etc
Â
To taste food/drink and spit it out
(If husband very ill-tempered, permissible for wife to
taste food without swallow it)
Â
Collecting saliva in the mouth and swallowing it to
quench thirstÂ
Delay a bath that has become FARZ knowingly until
after Subha SadiqÂ
81. Ramadan
Makroohat of Fasting
Using paste/tooth powder. (Miswaak permitted)
Complain of hunger and thirst
Â
Taking water too much up the nostrils (when cleaning
the nose)
Â
To gargle more than necessary
Â
To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent words
Â
To backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. are sinful acts
82. Ramadan
Regarding Children
īŽ The normal rule
īŽ
After age 7 : order child to observe Saum
No Qadha if child breaks the fast
īŽ
By age 10 : compel child to fast in Ramadan
83. Ramadan
Qaza saum
īŽ Compensate unobserved fasts
īŽ
are Wajib
īŽ without needless delay
īŽ make Niyyat at night i.e. before Subah Sadiq
īŽ
omission due to Haidh/Nifaas must be made up
īŽ Qadha saum need not be consecutive
īŽ Fidyah wajib if Qaza saum not posiible
84. Ramadan
Kaffarah
īŽ Penalty for deliberate nullification of Saum of
Ramadan
īŽ fasting 60 consecutive days
īŽ those unable to fast can
feed 60 needy 2 meals a day
or pay the amount in cash (Sadaqah Fitr)
or give 2kgs flour per poor
86. Hadith
Sihah Sitta except Tirmidhi
Hazrat Aishahra
says:
"The Prophet offered salah in the mosque and many
people prayed with him. The next day he did the
same and more people prayed with him. Then the
people gathered on the third night but, the Prophet
did not come out to them. In the morning, he said to
them:
'Surely I saw what you did, and nothing prevented
me from coming out to you, save that I feared that
[that prayer] would be made obligatory upon you.â
And that was during Ramadan."
88. Ramadan
Tarawih
īŽ Tarawih () is an Arabic word for
extra prayers at night in Ramadan
The Prophetsaw
encouraged special prayers during
Ramadan without commanding them as obligatory
and said:
"Whoever prays during the nights of Ramadan
[tarawih] with a firm belief and hoping for reward, all
of his previous sins would be forgiven.â
(Sihah Sitta)
89. Ramadan
Tarawih
īŽ Sunnah Muakkadah for men and women
īŽ Tarawih with Jamat is Sunnah muakkadah
for men
after obligatory isha & before witr prayers
prayed in sets of 2 rak'at each
customary to recite whole Quran in Ramadan
by reciting at least a juz per night
If one cannot recite entire Quran,
recite Surahs that one knows
91. Ramadan
Last Ashra
īŽ Last 10 days are the most spiritually charged
days of the month
īŽ a time of special spiritual power
īŽ Ramadan enjoys an intrinsic superiority over all other
months
īŽ it's last Ashra superior to both earlier Ashras
ī§
Lailatul Qadr or the Night of Power falls in it
92. Ramadan
Last Ashra
Hazrat Ayeshara
related that :
â The Apostle of Allah (peace & blessings upon him)
strove harder and took greater pains to observe
prayer etc., during the last ten days of Ramadan than
during the other days.â
Muslim
93. Ramadan
Last Ashra
īŽ
Night of Power
The night on which the first verses of the Quran
were revealed to the Prophetsaw
īŽ Generally taken to be the 27th night of the month
īŽ Muslims spend the entire night in prayer
94. Ramadan
Last Ashra
Hazrat Aishara
said:
I asked the Messenger of Allah: 'O Messenger of
Allah, if I know what night is the night of Qadr, what
should I say during it?' He said: 'Say: O Allah, You
are pardoning and You love to pardon, so pardon
me.' â
Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Tirmidhi
Transliteration of Dua is "Allahumma innaka `afuwwun tuhibbul
`afwa fa`fu `annee"
95. Ramadan
Last Ashra
īŽ last ten days hold a special status
īŽ reflected in recommendations/practices of the
Prophetsaw
and the Sahabasra
īŽ 3 major practices
increased praying
Itikaf in the Masjid
seeking Lailat ul Qadr
98. Quran
Surah al Qadr
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the
Merciful
īŽ Lo! We revealed it on the Night of Predestination
īŽ Ah, what will convey unto thee what the Night of
Power is!
īŽ The Night of Power is better than a thousand months
īŽ The angels and the Spirit descend therein, by the
permission of their Lord, with all decrees
īŽ
(The night is) Peace until the rising of the dawn
99. Hadith
Bukhari, Muslim
In a Hadith related by Abu Hurairahra
The Messenger of Allahsaw
said:Â
"He who spends the night in prayer on the Night of
Power, as a sign of His faith, and seeking rewards
from Allah, his previous sins will be forgiven."Â
100. Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
lit. the night of destiny
(is the night of revelation and the night of judgment)
īŽ Pious Muslims spend the night (when possible for 10
days) in the mosques
īŽ
Devote themselves to extra prayers and study of the
Quran
101. Hadith
Ahmed, Nasaae and Bayhaqi
Abu Hurairahra
relates
The Messenger of Allahsaw
said when one
Ramadan came:
"A blessed month has arrived. Observing it in fasting
is mandated on you (the believers). During this
month, the gates of Paradise will be opened and the
gates of Hellfire will be closed. The evil ones
(Shayaatin) will be handcuffed. In it there is one
night, during which worship is better than worship in a
thousand months. Whoever is denied its blessings
has been denied the biggest blessing."Â
102. Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
This night lends Ramadan its special
character
The Prophetsaw
was first taught Quranic verses by
Jibril, and the teaching continued for 10 days
Allah determines the course of the world for the
coming year
103. Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
īŽ No consensus which night of Ramadan is Laylat al
Qadr
īŽ Could be any odd numbered night from 21st to the
29th
Traditionally, celebrated throughout the night of the
27th (i.e. the night between the 26th and 27th)
104. Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
īŽ
The Night of Al-Qadr has a Fixed Date:
The best night in Ramadan is the Night of Al-Qadr,
based on the Prophet's saying:
"Whoever performs the night prayer on the Night of
Al-Qadr with firm faith and while seeking reward, his
past sins will be forgiven."
105. Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
Hadeeth of Zurr Ibn Hubaysh
Ubay Bin Ka'ab ra
said:
"May Allah have mercy on him, his intention was that
the people not (grow lazy) and depend solely (on just
one night). By the One of whom there is no deity
worthy of worship beside Him, it is indeed in
Ramadan. And by Allah I know on which night it is. It
is on the night that Allah's Messengersaw
commanded
us to perform the Night Prayer. It is on the twenty-
seventh night. Its sign is that the sun rises on its
following morning bright with no rays."
106. Ramadan
Searching Laylat al Qadr
One of the odd numbered nights
of the last 10 days of Ramadan
i.e. 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th.
It has been emphasized that it is
most likely to be the 27th night
107. Ramadan
Searching Laylat al Qadr
īŽ Signs of Laylat al Qadr are :
Early sunrise without rays
Rainfall either at night or during the day of that night
Nightsky will be slightly foggy
Slightly lighted sky without reflections or rays
The angels and Gabriel descend to earth for many
purposes
108. Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
īŽ Allah has hidden knowledge of its
occurrence
īŽ out of mercy that one can increase actions in the
search for it during these honorable nights
īŽ by praying
īŽ making dhikr
īŽ supplicating
Allahâs test to distinguish who struggles to find it
and who is lazy and negligent
109. Ramadan
Observing Laylat al Qadr
īŽ Collective/individual observance of :
- Recitation of the Quran
- Prayers : Nafl after Tarawih
- Remembrance of Allah or zikr
- Supplication or Du'a for self and others
- Reading books of Hadeeth
110. Ramadan
Observing Laylat al Qadr
īŽ Collective/individual observance of :
- Reading Tafseer of Quran
- Explaining Islam for benefit others
- Giving charity
- Pondering and contemplating
"...and they contemplate the (wonders of)
creation in the heaven and the earthâĻ."(3:191)
112. Hadith
Bukhari, Volume 3,Book 33: 260
Observing it in Ramadan is established in
the Hadith of Abu Hurairahra
:
"Allah's Messengersaw
would make 'Itikaaf for ten days
in every Ramadan. But when it was the year in which
he died, he made 'Itikaaf for twenty days."
113. Ramadan
What is Itikaaf ?
īŽ Seclusion in masjid for a specific purpose
which is to worship Allah
īŽ it is a Sunnah
īŽ best time is Ramadan, sp last 10 days
īŽ best in Masjid where Friday prayers also held
īŽ cannot be done at home
īŽ
no kaffarah if voided, but reobserve it
114. Ramadan
Prerequisites of Itikaaf
4 prerequisites :
Islam
Â
Sane (person should not be mad)
Â
Taharat (be free from Hadath e Akbar)
Â
Niyyat (Intention)
115. Ramadan
During Itikaaf
A Mutakif should engage himself in IbaadatÂ
Recital of the Holy Quran
Nafl Salaat and Zikr
Â
Durood Sharif and Istighfaar
Â
Remembrance of Allah
Learn or teach the knowledge of deen
116. Ramadan
Benefits of Itikaaf
īŽ Immense hidden benefit
īŽ protection from effects of excessive socializing
īŽ protection from evil consequences of talking and
sleeping too much
īŽ concentrated devotion enhances spiritual growth
117. Ramadan
Benefits of Itikaaf
Acts of Itikaaf
īŽ turning to Allah by praying Qiyam ul Layl
(Night prayers)
īŽ reading Quran
īŽ making Dhikr
īŽ reciting duas
118. Ramadan
Types of Itikaaf
īŽ 3 types according to Hanafi school of
thought
īŽ Wajib Itikaaf
īŽ when a person makes it obligatory upon himself
eg after fulfillment of a prayer
119. Ramadan
Types of Itikaaf
īŽ Sunnah Itikaaf
seclusion in a Masjid for last 10 days of Ramadan
(as per the practice of Rasulullahsaw)
īŽ Nafil Itikaaf
no special time/specific number of days
Imam Abu Hanifahra
states that it must be for âat least
one full dayâ
120. Hadith
Sahih Abu Dawood 2135
Aishahra
said:
"The Sunnah for the one doing Itikaaf is that he
should not go out (of the masjid) except for some
need that he must fulfill. He should not witness a
funeral, nor should he touch his wife, or have
intercourse with her. And there is no Itikaaf except in
a masjid that establishes the Jamaâah
(congregational prayer). And the Sunnah for the one
doing'Itikaaf is that he should be fasting (on the day
he makes Itikaaf)."
121. Ramadan
Conditions of Itikaaf
The sunnah is that
īŽ one does not visit the sick during itikaaf
īŽ does not answer the invitation
īŽ nor fulfill the needs of his family
īŽ not witness the funeral (by following it)
īŽ not go to work outside the masjid
īŽ not touch his wife
īŽ not leave to fulfill a need except that which is
necessary
122. Ramadan
Itikaaf for Women
īŽ Permissible for women to do Itikaaf
īŽ if their guardians grant them permission
īŽ place must be free from any fitnah
īŽ no intermingling with men
124. Hadith
Sahih Ahmad, 3/103
īŽ Eid - a Mercy of Allah
The Prophetsaw
told the people of Madina :
âI came to you and you had in Jahiliyah 2 days of
play and amusement. Indeed, Allah has replaced
them for you by that which is better than them:
The day of Nahr (slaughtering) and the day of Fitr
(breaking fast).â
125. Ramadan
Eid ul Fitr
īŽ celebrated on the first day of Shawaal
īŽ Eid means recurring happiness/festivity
īŽ al Fitr means breaking of the fast
īŽ 10th
month of Muslim calendar
īŽ Marks end of month of fasting
īŽ Salat ul Eid (Eid prayers) offered
īŽ Zakat ul Fitr
īŽ Greetings of "Eid-Mubarak" /"a blessed Eid"
exchanged Â
126. Ramadan
Eid ul Fitr
īŽ
This happy day designed by Shariah
īŽ as sign of gratitude on accomplishment of Ramadan
īŽ as an immediate reward by Allah for those who spent
Ramadan fasting and in other ibadah
īŽ haraam to fast on this day
īŽ day of forgetting grudges and ill will
127. Ramadan
Eid ul Fitr
īŽ Islam has prescribed a simple yet graceful
way to observe the happy day
- mandatory on well-off Muslims to start the day by
paying Zakat ul fitr
- proceed to an open place to offer Eid prayer
collectively
- After Eid prayer, rejoice in a responsible manner
128. Eid Greetings
(Fath al Baree 2/446)
īŽ Jubair bin Nufair said:
âThe Companions of Allah's Messengersaw
when they
met on the day of Eid, would say to each other:
âTaqabbala Allahu minna wa minkumâ
(âMay Allah accept it from you and usâ)
129. Ramadan
The Night Preceding Eid ul Fitr
īŽ Named in a Hadith as the Night of Reward
(Lailatul Jaiza)
īŽ The Prophetsaw
would not sleep in the night
preceding the day of Eid ul fitr
Allah rewards those who spent Ramadan by
Shariah, and all their prayers in this night are
accepted
Desirable to perform nafl prayers in this night
130. Hadith
Ibn Majah
īŽ The Prophetsaw
is reported to have said:
Whoever stands up (in worship) in the nights
preceding the two Eids expecting rewards
from his Lord, his heart will not die when the
other hearts will die.
131. Ramadan
Recommended Acts
īŽ Following acts are Sunnah at the beginning
of the day of Eid ul Fitr before the Eid prayer
īŽ rising early in the morning
īŽ brushing the teeth
īŽ bathing for Eid after the Fajr prayer
īŽ Wearing the best available dress
īŽ
Use of perfume
132. Ramadan
Recommended Acts
īŽ personal adornment and decoration
īŽ give Zaka-ul-Fitr before going to the Eid ground
īŽ eating something sweet before going for Eid Prayer
īŽ reaching Eid ground early
īŽ walking to the Eid ground one way and returning by
another
īŽ Takbir on the way in a low voice
133. Ramadan
Takbeer
īŽ Alla-u Akbar, Allah-u Akbar
Allah is greatest Allah is greatest
La-Ilaha ill-Allah
There is no God but Allah
wa-Allah-u Akbar, Allah-u Akbar
and Allah is greatest Allah is greatest
wa-lillah-il-hamd
and all praise is for Allah
135. Zakat ul Fitr
Meaning
īŽ Zakat ul Fitr also referred to as Sadaqah al
Fitr
Fitr means the same as Iftaar : breaking a fast
From same root word - Futoor : meaning breakfast
īŽ Islamically, Zakat al-Fitr is the charity which
is distributed at the end of the fast of
Ramadan
136. Hadith
Abu Dawud, Eng. transl. vol. 2, p. 421, no.
1605
In a hadith reported by Ibn Abbasra
Â
"The Messenger of Allahsaw
has mandated the
obligation of fast breaking alms as a cleanser of the
faster from (what one may have done) mistakes or
obscene acts, and to provide for the poor. Whoever
gives it before Eid prayer, it is an accepted alms, but
whoever gives it after Eid prayer, it is only a charity
like any ordinary charity."Â
137. Zakat ul Fitr
When to pay ?
īŽ A special charity of the month of Ramadan
īŽ should be given during Ramadan anytime before the
Eid-ul-Fitr prayer
īŽ Because it can be given until Eid-ul-Fitr time, it is
called Zakat-ul-Fitr
īŽ The Prophetsaw
urged Muslims to pay this charity in the
month of Ramadan
138. Hadith
Muslim, English transl. vol. 2, p. 469, no. 2155
īŽ Abu Sa'eed al-Khudree said :
"On behalf of our young and old, free men and slaves,
we used to take out during Allah's Messenger's
(sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) lifetime one Saa` of
grain, cheese or raisins".
139. Zakat ul Fitr
Who must pay ?
īŽ Waajib on every Muslim as long as one has
the means to do so
īŽ poor or rich, man or woman, sane or insane
īŽ amount of this zakat must be enough to feed a poor
or needy person
īŽ the head of the household may pay the required
amount for the other members
140. Zakat ul Fitr
Why pay it ?
īŽ meant to expiate for any mistakes or wrongdoings
a person may have done during this blessed month
īŽ helps the poor and needy
takes care of their needs in the month of Ramadan
makes it possible for them to celebrate Eid with other
Muslims
141. Hadith
Bukhari, Volume 2, Hadith No. 579
Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them
both, said :
"The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,
enjoined the payment of one Saâ of dates or one Saâ
of barley as Zakat ul Fitr on every Muslim, young and
old, male and female, free and slave."
142. Zakat ul Fitr
How much ?
īŽ The amount is the same for everyone
īŽ regardless of their different income brackets
īŽ minimum amount is one Saa` (two handfuls ) of food,
grain or dried fruit for each member of the family
īŽ This calculation is based on Ibn Umar's
report
143. Zakat ul Fitr
How much ?
īŽ The amount fixed by the Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him)
incumbent on every Muslim who possesses one Sa`
(2.176 kilograms or 4.797 pounds) of dates or barley
which is not needed as a basic food for himself or his
family
for the duration of one day and night
īŽ Some jurists allow paying equivalent in cash
144. Zakat ul Fitr
When to pay ?
īŽ Should be given during Ramadan any time
but before the Eid prayer
īŽ should be given to the poor and needy
īŽ Individuals can make payments to Islamic charitable
organizations
īŽ These organizations then should distribute these
funds soon and to the needy people on time
145. Zakat ul Fitr
Virtues
īŽ Declared by the Prophetsaw
a perquisite for the
acceptance of fasting
īŽ Meant to :
cement relationship between members of Muslim
society
alleviate pain of the poor
cultivate sense of brotherhood and solidarity
146. Hadith
Abu Dawud & Tirmidhi
The Holy Prophetsaw
has said :
"Have mercy upon those on earth, and
those in heaven will have mercy upon
you."
147. Zakat ul Fitr
Important Points
īŽ permissible for a wealthy woman to pay Zakat to her
husband, who is poor, however the opposite is not
permissible
īŽ Zakat ul Fitr not required from one who does not
possess a dayâs worth of food
īŽ Whoever possesses more than a dayâs worth of food
and he gives it (as his Zakat-ul-Fitr), this will suffice
him
149. Ramadan
Eid Prayer
īŽ It is a Wajib salaat
can be performed any time between the Ishraq and
Zawal
īŽ Hazrat Umarra
said:
âThe prayer of Eid and al-Adhaa is two complete
rakâahs, not shortened. This is according to the words
of your Prophet, and the liar is doomed.â
150. Ramadan
Eid Prayer
īŽ No Iqaamah or Azaan
īŽ Six extra Takbeers
īŽ The prayer comes before the khutbah
īŽ No nafl prayers before or after the Eid prayer
īŽ If Eid prayer in a mosque, pray 2 rakâahs Tahiyat al-
Masjid before sitting down
151. Ramadan
Eid Prayer
īŽ In this Salah, Khutbah is a Sunnah
īŽ is delivered after the Salah
īŽ listening to the Khutbah of Eid Salah is wajib
īŽ Eid prayer in an open field
and not in a mosque
īŽ If difficult, can be performed in a big mosque
152. Hadith
Sahih Muslim, 878
īŽ Al-Nuâmaan ibn Bishr said:
âThe Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids and
on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbikaâl-aâlaa [al-Aâlaa 87:1]
and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-
Ghaashiyah 88:1].â
154. Ramadan
Conclusion
īŽ The believer knows that :
- the Lord of Ramadan is also Lord of other months
- that He is the Lord of all times and places
- so he is steadfast upon the Shariah of Allah
until he meets Him while He is pleased with him
155. Ramadan
Conclusion
īŽ Righteous actions are for all times and all
places
īŽ Reading Quran and contemplating, is not only for
Ramadan but for all times
īŽ One must continuously be :
- obedient to Allah,
- firm upon His Shariah,
- steadfast upon His Deen,
- so that one is not of those who worship Allah
only during one month or only in one place
156. Ramadan
Conclusion
īŽ From signs that one's deeds are accepted,
is improvement in obedience to Allah`azza
wa jall
âAnd remember when your Lord proclaimed,
'If you are grateful, I will surely increase you
[in favor]âĻâ (Quran, surah Ibrahim: 7)
īŽ So if the servant is truly thankful to his Lord, you will
see him guided to more obedience and distanced
from sinfulness
157. Ramadan
Thankfulness is leaving sins
âAnd worship your Lord until there comes
you to the certainty [i.e. death].â
Quran
surah al Hijr: 99