Slips trips falls_guidebook

SLIPS, TRIPS
AND FALLS:
ADVANCING YOUR
SAFETY PROGRAM
The workplace guide
to understanding
implementation and impact

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 3
What You Need to Know About Slips, Trips and Falls
CHAPTER 2 7
The Safety, Productivity and Financial Impacts of Slips, Trips and Falls
CHAPTER 3 12
Where and How Slips, Trips and Falls Occur
CHAPTER 4 16
10 Steps to Prevent Slips, Trips and Falls
CHAPTER 5 29
A Slip, Trip or Fall Happens… Now What?
CHAPTER 6 31
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Checklist
CHAPTER 7 35
Conclusion
John understands what just one slip can mean for a facility. As an environmental
health and safety manager in the manufacturing industry, he’s seen not one, not
two, but three accidents in his workplace this year that could have been avoided
– if only the right prevention methods were in place.
This slips, trips and falls guidebook was created to not only give you a better
explanation of what this common workplace safety offender is all about, but to
dive deeper into exactly what causes these accidents, what you can do to avoid
them and the steps to take when faced with an occurrence at your own facility.
2

Slip, trip and fall occurrences are
no stranger to manufacturing
facilities. But how much do you really
know about these incidents and the
regulations that are in place to keep
your workplace safer?
CHAPTER 1
3
WHAT YOU NEED TO
KNOW ABOUT SLIPS,
TRIPS AND FALLS

What exactly are we talking about with
slips, trips and falls, you ask?
Let’s break it down:
SLIP: Too little friction or traction between feet and
walking/working surface, resulting in loss of balance.
TRIP: When a foot or lower leg hits an object and the
upper body continues to move, or when stepping
down to a lower surface, resulting in a loss of balance.
FALL: Too far off center of balance, resulting in a descent
to the floor, into or against an object, or to a surface
at a lower level than original surface.1
These incidents are often caused by slippery,
irregular or uneven surfaces, obstacles on the
floor, or uncovered/unidentified
hazard areas.
Chapter 1 / 4

Slips, trips and falls are a dangerous
and costly workplace occurrence
that can be avoided.
In fact, there are some industry regulations currently
in place that apply to these events:
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.22 – Walking/Working Surfaces
This standard supports worker safety by keeping workplaces
clean and safe from hazards, including:
• Keeping facilities clean, orderly
and dry
• Providing draining, platforms,
mats or other dry standing places
when wet processes are used
• Keeping floors and workplaces
free from protruding nails,
splinters, holes and loose boards
• Keeping aisles clear and in
good repair
• Permanently marking aisles and
passageways
• Using covers and guardrails to
protect workers from open pits,
tanks, vats, etc.
• Marking loads with approved
plates and maintaining safe
load weights
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.36 37 – Means of Egress
This standard supports the safety of exit routes. Some of the
key elements that apply to slips, trips and fall in this standard
include:
• The outdoor exit route must have
guardrails to protect unenclosed
sides if a fall hazard exists
• The outdoor exit route must be
reasonably straight and have
smooth, solid, substantially level
walkways
• The outdoor exit route must be
covered if snow or ice is likely to
accumulate along the route,
unless the employer can
demonstrate that any snow or
ice accumulation will be removed
before it presents a slipping
hazard
Chapter 1 / 5

ANSI A1264.2-2012 – Provision for the Slip Resistance on
Walking/Working Surfaces
This standard sets forth provisions for protecting persons
where there is potential for slips and falls as a result of surface
characteristics or conditions. It requires:
• Consideration of the use of slip
resistant footwear to maximize
traction
• Mats and runners to be used in
areas where individuals may
encounter slippery contaminants
or foreign materials on the floor
surface
• A housekeeping program,
including appropriate cleaning
and maintenance procedures
and employee training, to be
implemented to maintain safe
walking surfaces
• Warnings provided where a slip/
fall hazard has been identified
Chapter 1 / 6

7
When you need operations to
run safely and efficiently, a slip, trip
or fall is the last thing you want to
happen. Just what can a slip, trip or
fall mean for you and your facility?
CHAPTER 2
THE SAFETY,
PRODUCTIVITY AND
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
OF SLIPS, TRIPS
AND FALLS

The Costly Effects of Slips, Trips
and Falls
It’s amazing what one small drip or one misplaced tool
can lead to. When it comes to safety and compliance,
a slip, trip or fall can lead to serious injuries, a variety of
citations and costs, and an overall impact on the
running of your facility.
Let’s explore the impact an incident can have
in three key areas:
Chapter 2 / 8
Financial
Safety
Productivity

Safety Impact
Safety is the number one concern surrounding slip,
trip and fall hazards. That’s because these hazards
account for the majority of industry accidents, ranging
in severity, from minor pain to temporary or permanent
disability, and even death.
DID YOU KNOW?
Slips, trips and falls…
… are one of the leading causes of unintentional
injuries in the U.S., accounting for approximately
8.9 million emergency room visits2
... account for 15% of all accidental deaths,
the second leading cause behind motor vehicles3
… lead to over 17% of all disabling
occupational injuries4
… could be prevented with the right precautions
Chapter 2 / 9

Productivity Impact
When an incident occurs and a worker experiences an
injury, this could lead to a significant loss in productivity
that impacts your business. That’s because the
out-of-work days of an experienced worker means a
less experienced or temporary worker would need to
step in.
DID YOU KNOW?
Slips, trips and falls lead to…
… 1 in 6 lost time injuries
… 95 million workdays per year lost 5
… an average of 11 days away from work6
Chapter 2 / 10

Financial Impact
When a slip, trip or fall happens, it can lead to thousands
of dollars in expenses for both employers and employees.
• Employers face lost productivity, increased
industrial insurance premiums, regulatory fines
and costs associated with training a replacement
worker
• Workers lose wages due to out-of-work days and
face the possibility of paying out of pocket
medical expenses
DID YOU KNOW?
Slips, trips and falls…
… Cost an average of $20,000 per incident7
Chapter 2 / 11

12
Slips, trips and falls can occur when
and where you least expect it.
CHAPTER 3
WHERE AND HOW
SLIPS, TRIPS AND
FALLS OCCUR

While the majority of workplaces make efforts
to reduce slips, trips and fall hazards, only
2.2% have completely eliminated them.
According to a survey of 1,294 safety professionals,
95% cited one of 3 main causes:
54% human factors,
25% wet/slippery surfaces and
16% housekeeping issues.8
When you need to know how to prevent slips, trips and
falls in your facility, you first need to know where and why
they commonly occur.
Chapter 3 / 13

Take a minute to think about your facility. Think about all
of the areas that could potentially lead to a slip, trip or fall —
whether it’s near machinery, in the break room, in a
cluttered back hallway or even in the parking lot. To get you
thinking, take a look at this list of potential hazards:
� Overspray from a wet process
� Spill from a drum or container
� Wet floor from recent moping
� Drips and condensation from pipes or the roof
� Uneven flooring/ unexpected step
� Leaks or drips around machinery
� Liquid tracked onto stairs
� Leak from a trash can
� Drips around sink after washing hands
� Beverage spilled on the floor
� A misplaced object or tool on the floor
� Damp shoes on a slick surface after walking in from the rain
� Uncovered cords, hoses, cables or wires
� Ice in the parking lot
� Unsafe scaffolding or ladders
� Dust from milling, cutting or sanding
� Poor lighting leading to the inability to see trip hazards
Chapter 3 / 14

Mistakes that Lead to Slips, Trips
and Falls
A person takes an average of 8,000 steps in a day,
but it just takes 1 step to cause a serious injury. 9
It’s that easy to have an accident in the workplace, especially
when the right precautions aren’t taken. Of course, anyone can
make a mistake, but now that you have an idea of the areas in
your workplace that could cause slip, trip or fall hazards, let’s
go over some of the most common mistakes:
Employer Mistakes
x Not providing adequate warnings of slip, trip and fall hazards
x Ineffective maintenance for flooring problems
x Having the wrong floor for the work environment
x Inadequate training around workplace hazards
Employee Mistakes
x Not cleaning up a spill or mess immediately
x Not being conscious of your surroundings
x Leaving tools or items in common walkways
x Wearing the wrong footwear for your work environment
Chapter 3 / 15

16
When the safety of your employees is
in your hands – and you need to send
them home safely every day – you
need a safety program you can trust.
These 10 steps can guide you on the
ways to preventing slips, trips and
falls in your facility.
CHAPTER 4
10 STEPS TO
PREVENT SLIPS,
TRIPS AND FALLS

You know all too well what one glitch in your safety program
could lead to. We’ll walk you through the elements that you
should consider when working towards a safer and more
compliant workplace by preventing slips, trips and falls.
These 10 steps include:
1. Assess Your Workplace
2. Mark Aisles and Passageways
3. Provide Traction on Slippery Surfaces
4. Improve Stair Safety
5. Mark Emergency Evacuation Routes
6. Post Safety Signs and Labels
7. Warn of Temporary Hazards
8. Inspect Scaffolds and Ladders
9. Control and Clean Oil and Spills
10. Train Employees
Chapter 4 / 17

Assess Your Workplace
Know Your Workplace
Effective workplace safety starts with knowing your workplace,
and knowing what steps to take to improve working conditions.
Take the time to assess your facility and look into past slip, trip
and fall incidents by type and location. This will help you
uncover problem areas.
Keep it Cleaner
Remember that a clean and clutter-free facility is a safer facility.
With this in mind, review your housekeeping processes and
determine if certain areas need additional attention. For
example, if a leaking machine is leading to a slip risk, get the
right absorbent materials and warning signs in place to keep
the location clean and draw attention to the risk.
Chapter 4 / 18
?
Not sure where to start when you need to evaluate your
facility? Seek an on-site assessment from a third party.
With an outsider’s perspective, you can identify hazards
you might have previously overlooked and gain insight in
developing an improved safety program.
STEP 1

Mark Aisles and Passageways
Keep workers on the right path with visual cues. Floor marking
tape can be used to identify passageways, equipment and
storage areas, hazardous flooring and forklift traffic. By marking
off obstacles in aisles and pathways, employees can more easily
and safely navigate a clear path.
While several OSHA regulations dictate that permanent aisles
and passageways must be clearly marked, there are no current
government-mandated or even widely accepted industry
standards that recommend what colors to use when mark-
ing floors. Here is a useful guideline to help you establish floor
marking consistency in your workplace:
Chapter 4 / 19
Color Area
Yellow Aisle ways, traffic lanes and work cells
White
Equipment and fixtures not otherwise color coded
(workstations, carts, floor stand displays, racks, etc.)
Blue, Green
and/or Black
Materials and components, including raw materials,
work-in-progress and finished goods
Orange Materials or products held for inspection
Red Defects, scrap, rework and red tag areas
Red White
Areas to be kept clear for safety/compliance reasons
(areas in front of electrical panels, firefighting equipment
and safety equipment, such as eyewash stations, safety
showers and first aid stations)
Black White
Areas to be kept clear for operational purposes
(not related to safety and compliance)
Black Yellow
Areas that may expose employees to special physical
or health hazards
STEP 2

Provide Traction on Slippery Surfaces
Slip free is the way to be. Keeping your feet firmly on the floor
means having effective traction and taking the right steps to
eliminate slippery surfaces.
To prevent injuries, make sure:
• Floors are clean and dry, whenever possible
• Stairs, landing areas and hazardous slip areas have
anti-slip tape or material on them that withstands
grease and oil
• The right floor materials are used in the right areas,
based on slip hazards. That means using mats,
absorbents and anti-slip flooring when needed
Chapter 4 / 20
STEP 3

Improve Stair Safety
Since stairs are one of the most common areas in a workplace
for a slip, trip or fall to occur, you need to take additional
measures to keep stairways safe.
That means:
• All treads should be reasonably slip-resistant
• Stair nosing should have a non-slip finish
• Anti-skid cleats are used to mark stairs and
improve safety
• Stairways are kept clean and dry (of course)
Chapter 4 / 21
STEP 4

Mark Emergency Evacuation Routes
It’s one thing to have a safe facility under standard working
conditions, but when it comes to the potentially dim-light and
smoky conditions of an emergency, you should be prepared.
When an emergency occurs, employees need to be able to
quickly and safely exit the building, with enough visibility that
slips, trips and falls can be avoided. That means clearly marking
exit signs, emergency egress signs and a path towards the exit.
Glow-in-the-dark floor and stair markings and directional signs
can help lead the way for safer evacuation in unexpected
conditions.
Chapter 4 / 22
STEP 5

Post Safety Signs and Labels
The first line of defense in protecting workers against slips,
trips and falls is putting the right signs in the right places.
With warning signs at the point of need, you can tell workers
at-a-glance of any nearby hazards, including equipment leaks,
uneven surfaces and other potential obstacles. Effective
signage includes a clear header, bright colors, bold text, languages
aligning with workforce needs and intuitive infographics.
ANSI Signage
Under OSHA’s November 2013 update, users can now use either
the latest American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
standard from 2011 (ANSI Z535.1, Z535.2 Z535.5) or the previous
standard from 1967-1968. The ANSI Z535 signs allow for clearer
messages with a descriptive header, a legend containing the
hazard and a visual pictogram to help convey
the safety message.
Chapter 4 / 23
STEP 6

Warn of Temporary Hazards
While workplace signs and labels are a more permanent
solution to identify slip hazards, sometimes you need a more
temporary option. When there’s a short-term hazard due to
maintenance, housekeeping or a spill, it can be marked with
cautionary floor stands, barricade tape, and warning posts and
chains. That way you can easily put these signs into place when
needed, and remove them when the area no longer poses
a threat.
Chapter 4 / 24
STEP 7

Inspect Scaffolding and Ladders
While 60% of accidents happen on same-level surfaces,
40% occur from elevation. 10
With this stat in mind, the next
step in keeping your workplace safe is inspecting the elevated
equipment that is used in your facility: scaffolding and ladders.
Establish a standard at your workplace for frequently
inspecting scaffolds and ladders for damage, faults and wear.
This should include the use of scaffolding tags and inspection
tags to mark inspection dates and the authorized employee
who performed it, as well as the next due inspection date.
Chapter 4 / 25
STEP 8

Control and Clean Oil and Spills
While keeping your floors clean and dry is an essential step in
preventing slips, there’s no denying that leaks, drips and spills
are common occurrences in a workplace. When faced with
oversprays that coat surfaces with oily film, slow drips from
machinery or a spilled cleaning chemical, you need a process
for immediately detecting, assessing and correcting all types
of spills.
Having the right absorbent on hand can help you tackle that
spill quicker and more effectively. Absorbent products include
pads, rolls, SOCs, pillows, mats, rugs and kits designed to meet
the ranging durability, absorbency and size needs of potential
leaks, drips and spills in your facility.
Chapter 4 / 26
?
DID YOU KNOW?
The overall cost of using laundered
towels is 2-4 times higher than
using polypropylene-based
absorbents. Consider what
option fits your needs.
STEP 9

Here’s some spill characteristics to
keep in mind when choosing the
right arbsorbent:
� Check product type
Are you using pads for a leak that a SOC can contain?
Are you using the right kind of material?
• Universal absorbents: All-purpose cleaning products that can
be used to absorb coolants, solvents, chemicals, and oil-based
and water-based fluids
• Oil-only absorbents: Absorbents designed to float indefinitely
and repel water, while absorbing hydraulic, motor and cooking
oil, brake fluid, turpentine, and other oil-based fluids
• Chemical absorbents: Brightly colored products designed to
absorb aggressive chemicals. The bright hue aids in quick
disposal by drawing attention to hazardous waste
� Check durability
Are your absorbents falling apart due to heavy traffic?
Get the right durability based on ply, coverstock and material to
align with the job. For smaller spills, a lightweight product will
do. But when using pads and rolls for high-traffic areas, heavy
weight products with durable spunbond coverstocks are a
better alternative.
� Check absorbency
Are you using your absorbents to capacity?
If you choose an absorbent that soaks up more than you need,
you may be paying too much, but if you choose an absorbent that
doesn’t soak up enough, you may have to purchase more than you
actually need.
Chapter 4 / 27

Train Your Employees
Employee training is an essential element of establishing an
effective slip, trip and fall prevention program because these
are the people that are on the floor each day. They need to be in
on it and know why slips, trips and falls occur, how they can be
avoided and how to respond when one occurs.
By giving employees the tools, training and support they need
to effectively prevent and respond to slips, trips and falls, you’re
taking the right steps to avoid employee injuries, declines in
productivity and the costs of an incident.
Chapter 4 / 28
STEP 10

29
Even when preventative measures
are taken at your facility, there’s still
the possibility of a slip, trip or fall.
And when it happens, you and your
employees need to know what to do.
CHAPTER 5
A SLIP, TRIP OR
FALL OCCURS…
NOW WHAT?

Slips, Trips and Falls Response Plan
In the event of a slip, trip or fall, everyone in your facility should
be prepared to quickly and effectively respond. When planning
for the possibility of an incident, keep these three tips in mind:
1. First and foremost, provide assistance. This means
immediately checking with the person who
experienced the slip, trip or fall to help determine
severity, providing first aid and calling for emergency
medical assistance when needed.
2. Report the incident to the appropriate person
within your workplace. From there, it should be
recorded with an incident report as quickly as
possible. These reports should be filed and kept to
review for common incident areas and provided to
your insurance company.
3. Identify ways to avoid the incident in the future.
This is when you can identify the training, products
and housekeeping improvements that should be
made to ensure future safety and compliance.
Chapter 5 / 30

31
Take the time to review your current
program and be sure you have the
right practices, products, training,
response and reporting steps in
place to establish and maintain a
safer workplace.
CHAPTER 6
SLIP, TRIP AND
FALL PREVENTION
CHECKLIST

Question Yes No
Do you have a slip, trip and fall prevention program in place?
A written program will help to cover training, response, assessment
needs and more. By proactively planning for and tracking slip, trip and
fall incidents, you’ll be one step ahead in creating a safer and more
compliant workplace.
Do you have employee training and re-training plans in place?
To help prevent slips, trips and falls, your employees first need to
understand what hazards are in the workplace and how best to
respond to them.
Do you have a spill response plan in place?
When spills occur, you should have a quick and effective process in place
to resolve them before they become a problem.
Do you have absorbent supplies on hand?
Be sure to have the proper absorbent and cleaning materials in your
facility to effectively respond to spills and leaks of various sizes.
Do you use workplace signage and labels to warn against hazards?
Clear hazard identification is essential in helping to prevent slips,
trips and falls.
When an incident occurs, do you have a process in place to review incident type
and location?
Learn from mistakes. Immediately after an incident happens, determine
how you can avoid this problem in the future with products, training and
improved cleaning.
Do you use floor marking tape in your facility?
Floor marking tape helps to outline safe walking areas to help prevent
tripping over obstacles and steer employees away from other unsafe
storage and equipment areas.
Chapter 6 / 32

Chapter 6 / 33
Question Yes No
Do you have a consistent floor marking color practice in place?
It’s important to use a consistent floor marking color approach so
employees understand and can clearly identify what each area is used
for (walking, forklift, storage, etc.)
Do you use proper flooring materials to accommodate frequent slip locations?
Mats, runners, slip-resistant flooring and other options help to reduce
incidents in problem areas.
Do your stairs have proper railings and slip-resistant materials?
Use the right materials and railings on your stairs to help reduce slips,
trips and falls in this high-risk area.
Are emergency evacuation routes labeled?
Glow-in-the-dark labels and signs help employees safely exit the building
in case of an emergency.
Do you have temporary hazard signs on hand?
Some hazards only pose a temporary threat. Be sure to have moveable
signage to put in place and take down as needed.
Do you have a scaffolding and ladder inspection plan?
Keep track of when inspections occur and who performed them to help
ensure safety on elevated equipment.

Chapter 6 / 34
Question Yes No
Do you have a slip, trip and fall emergency response plan in place?
Everyone in your workplace should know what’s expected of them when
an incident occurs. This should include assessing the situation, calling for
emergency medical assistance and reporting the incident.
Do you have a consistent cleaning plan in place?
Cleaning is one of the most important steps of incident prevention.
Your workplace should be clean and dry, and areas with unique hazards
should have additional cleaning attention.
Does your workplace require slip-resistant footwear to maximize traction?
Depending on your workplace, employees might need to wear
slip-resistant footwear to ensure safety.
Do you assess your workplace regularly to identify hazards, repair needs,
housekeeping improvements and more?
Take the time to review the safety of your facility and what steps can be
made to reduce and eliminate any slip, trip and fall hazards.

35
What next?
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

When the safety of your employees is in your hands, you need
an effective program to help prevent slips, trips and falls.
Through this guidebook, you know how to implement the right
practices, products and precautions to improve safety and
compliance in your facility.
Don’t wait for accidents to occur, as John experienced in his
manufacturing facility. Put the right prevention methods in
place today.
If you need additional insight and support, Brady is a safety
partner you can trust. With safety and facility identification
products, a full line of absorbent and spill control products,
workplace audits and training solutions, printing systems
and more, we can help guide you on your journey to a
safer workplace.
Visit BradyID.com to learn more.
Chapter 8 / 36
1
OSHA. (2007). Slips, Trips Falls Identification Prevention. Retrieved from
https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy07/sh-16625-07/slipstripsfalls.ppt
2
National Safety Council. (2011). Slips, Trips and Falls Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http://www.nsc.org/NSCDocuments_Advocacy/Fact%20Sheets/Slips-Trips-and-Falls.pdf
3
4
5
Smith, S. (2013, July 15). The High Costs of Slips, Trips and Falls. Retrieved from EHS Today.
6
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2014). Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Requiring Days Away from Work, 2013.
Retrieved from BLS: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/osh2.pdf
7
Smith, S. (2013, July 15). The High Costs of Slips, Trips and Falls. Retrieved from EHS Today.
8
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2015). Safety Daily Advisor: Understanding How Human Factors Affect Slips, Trips and Falls.
9
National Floor Safety Institute. (2015). Quick Facts. Retrieved from NFSI.org: http://nfsi.org/nfsi-research/quick-facts/
10
National Floor Safety Institute. (2015). Quick Facts. Retrieved from NFSI.org: http://nfsi.org/nfsi-research/quick-facts/

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