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Proponents of the Bhakti Movement
- 1. PROPONENTS OF THE BHAKTI MOVEMENT
- 2. RAMANUJA Proponent of the Vaishnavite tradition and the Vishishtadvaita school Major works: i. Vedarthasangraha ii. Bhagawat Gita Bhashya iii. Sri Bhasya iv. Nithya Grantham v. Vedantapida vi. Vedantasara vii. Gadya Traya (a trilogy)– Saranagati Gadyam + Sriranga Gadyam +Vaikunta Gadyam
- 3. NIMBARKA Founded Dvaitadvaita or dualistic monism Work: Vedanta Parijata Saurabha
- 4. MADHAVACHARYA Associated with the Dvaita school of Vedanta Almost 37 works are attributed to him. • Madhava Bhasya (based on the Brahma Sutras) • Gita Bhasya (based on the Bhagawat Gita) • Anu Vyakhyana Reinterpreted Verse 6.8.7 of the Chandogya Upanishad, which says “Tat tvam asi” and parsed the text as “Atat tvam asi”.
- 5. VALLABHACHARYA Propounded: Sudhadvaita Vedanta Pustimarga Rudra Sampradaya Wrote in : Sanskrit and Brajbhasha
- 6. RAMANANDA “the bridge between the Bhakti movement of the South and the North” Kabir was his disciple.
- 7. DNYANESHWAR Wrote in Marathi Major Works: Dnyaneshwari, Amruthanubhava, Haripath and a number of abhangas Dnyaneshwari is a commentary on the Bhagawat Gita
- 8. EKNATH Wrote in Marathi Belonged to the Varkari tradition Works: Eknathi Bhagawata, Bhavarth Ramayan, Anand Lahari and Rukmini Swayamvar Hastamalak. Introduced the Bharood, a form of Marathi religious song.
- 9. NAMADEVA Wrote in Marathi It is believed that he was a tailor who later resorted to thievery before he became a saint. Associated with the Varkari sect Influenced by Vaishnavism and the Vithoba cult Composed bhajans and also abhangas
- 10. CHAITANYA MAHAPRABHU Popularized the Bhakti movement in Bengal Founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism Several biographies of Chaitanya were written. Some of them are: Chaitanya Charitramrita by Krishnadasa Kaviraja Chaitanya Bhagavata by Vrindavana Dasa Chaitanya Mangala by Lochana Dasa o The biographical film on Chaitanya – Nilachaley Mahaprabhu, directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay o ISKCON (The International Society for Krishna Consciousness) was founded by C.Bhaktivedanta Prabhupada to popularize Chaitanya’s teachings.
- 11. MIRABAI Devotee of Lord Krishna Born as a Rajput princess, she married King Bhoj Raj of Mewar. M.S.Subbulakshmi starred as Mirabai in Meera, a Tamil film based on Mirabai’s life. Gulzar directed a Hindi film titled Meera on Mirabai’s life in 1979.
- 12. TULSIDAS Devotee of Lord Rama Wrote in Awadhi and Braja Bhasha Wrote Ramacharitamanas in Awadhi. It is a retelling of the Ramayana. Began the ramlila plays (folk-theatre, depicting the Ramayana) Believed to have composed the Hanuman Chalisa Also wrote Gitavali and Vinayapatrika in Braja
- 13. A NOTE ON RAMCHARITAMANAS Written in Awadhi, around 1574-76 A retelling of the Ramayana in Awadhi Draws from the Adhyatma Ramayana and Valmiki Ramayana as also other sources There are 7 books or kands The work has been acclaimed as “the living sum of Indian culture”
- 14. SURDAS Lived in the 15th century Was blind; was a disciple of Vallabhacharya Wrote songs dedicated to Lord Krishna Called “the sun in the sky of Hindi literature” Most famous work: Sursagar
- 15. NARSINH MEHTA He was a Bhakti poet from Gujarat Composed the bhajan “Vaishnav Jan To”, which is now associated with Mahatma Gandhi Major works: Putra Vivah, Sudama Charit,Chaturis, Dana Leela
- 16. KABIR Born in Varanasi Disciple of Ramananda Wrote in Hindi and borrowed from Awadhi, Braj and Bhojpuri Famous for his dohas and sakhis. His compositions can be seen in the Adi Granth as also in Kabir Bijak, Kabir Parachai, Kabir Granth and Kabir Granthawali.
- 17. KABIR (. . . ) Rabindranath Tagore translated and compiled Kabir’s poems as One Hundred Poems of Kabir. Arvind Krishna Mehrotra has also translated Kabir’s poems into English The Pakistani Sufi singer who sang Kabir’s songs for an album – Abida Parveen
- 18. TUKARAM Wrote in Marathi Belonged to the Varkari tradition Composed abhangas and kirtans, mostly devoted to Vithoba. Dilip Chitre translated Tukaram’s writings into English in the book titled “Says Tuka”. This work won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1994.
- 19. OTHER BHAKTI POETS Dadu Dayal Makukdasa Sundardasa Dharanidasa
- 20. THANK YOU