Breeding in Brinjal
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This document summarizes information about brinjal/eggplant breeding. It discusses the classification of brinjal as a species, its origins in India and surrounding regions, and key breeding objectives such as increased yield, disease resistance, fruit quality traits, and plant architecture. The document then outlines various breeding methods used for brinjal improvement, including pure line selection, pedigree breeding, hybrid breeding, and the development of the first transgenic brinjal variety resistant to the fruit and shoot borer insect pest through insertion of Bt cry genes.
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Breeding in Brinjal
- 2. Contents • Introduction & classification • Origin • Breeding objectives • Breeding methods • References
- 3. Introduction: • Annual herbaceous, self pollinated crop • Brinjal also known as eggplant. • Production : China ranked first with share 64% production of entire world. • India share 22% production of the world. • India ranked second in brinjal production. • Production in India: West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh
- 4. • Classification:- Botanical name : Solenum melonjena Kingdom : Plantae Order : Solanales Genus : Solanum Family : Solaneceae Chromo. No. : 2n = 24
- 5. Origin and Distribution • India (according to decandolle) • Indo-burma region (according to vevilov) • China, India, Japan, Indonesia,, Italy, France, USA and several African countries.
- 6. Breeding objectives: • High yield • Earliness • Fruit shape, size and color as consumer preference. • Low proportion of seed • Less amount of glyocalkailoides cont……
- 7. ‣Lower solenine content ‣Soft flesh ‣Upright sturdy erect plant free from lodging ‣Resistance to a) Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) b) Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) c) Jassids d) Little leaf e) Shoot & fruit borer (Leucinodus orbonalis)
- 8. Nutrient contents • Content (per 100 gm) • Moisture 92.70gm • Protein 1.40gm • Fat 0.30gm • Mineral 0.30gm • Carbohydrate 4.00gm • Calcium 18.00mg • Oxalic acid 16.00mg Magnesium 18.00mg • Phosphorus 47.00mg • Vitamin-C 12.00mg
- 9. Breeding methods:- • Pure line selection • Pedigree method • Bulk method • Single Seed Descent method • Combination of Bulk and Pedigree Method • Heterosis breeding
- 10. Introduction:- • This method may be use full in other countries but not to India.
- 11. Selection:- pure line selection :- • Pusa Purple long : - Selection from the batia cultivar grown in Punjab. Long fruit, shine skin, early maturity, • C.O. 1 :- Duration 160 days, fruit are oblong, and medium sized (50-60gm), with pale green shade under white background,
- 12. • K.K.M. 1: Selection from Kulathar local, fruits become in clusters with 2- 4 egg shaped with milky white colour, duration 130 to 135dys, yield 37t/ha. • C.O.2 : Selection from local variety Varikkathiri, dark purple, light green. • Pant Samrat: GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Selection in local germplasm, resistance to bacterial wilt, tolerant to fruit & shoot borer. Cont…..
- 13. • Pusa Purple Cluster IARI, Selection from local material, Medium early, erect, tall sturdy plant, fruit in clusters of 4 -9, 10-12 cm long, deep purple, resistant to bacterial wilt. • MDU 1 Selection from local variety of Madurai, yield 34 tones/ha.
- 14. Pedigree Method:- • Pusa Kranti:- IARI, PPL × HYDERPUR × Wynad gaint, Plant medium tall, upright erect growth habit, fruit 15- 20cm long, green calyx, less seeded. Suitable for growing both spring and autumn season .
- 15. Heterosis breeding:- method of production of superior of f1 over the parents • Arka navneet :- 1. Developed from IIHR, bengluru 2. cross between IIHR22-1×supreme, 3. fruit oval and free from bitterness, skin attractive, deep purple, flesh soft, white with few seeds, yield 650-700q/h (highest yielding variety in India),
- 16. Biotechnology in breeding:- India’s First Vegetable Biotech Crop Synthetic cry 1 Ab gene ICP of Bacillus thuringiensis -against larva of fruit borer -against larvae and adult of CPB cont…..
- 17. • the cry1Ac gene expressing insecticidal protein to confer resistance against FSB. • The cry1Ac gene is sourced from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). • When ingested by the FSB larvae, the Bt protein is activated in the insect’s alkaline gut and binds to the gut wall, which breaks down, allowing the Bt spores to invade the insect’s body cavity. The FSB larvae die a few days later cont…..
- 18. • Bt Brinjal was developed by the Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company (Mahyco). • used a DNA construct containing the cry1Ac gene, a CaMV 35S promoter and the selectable marker genes nptII and aad, to transform young cotyledons of brinjal plants. • The National Center on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB) has developed Bt brinjal varieties expressing the cryFa1 gene.
- 19. References:- • Choudhary, B & Gaur, K. 2008. The Development and Regulation of Bt Brinjal in India (Eggplant/ Aubergine), ISAAA Brief No. 38, ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. • Jelenkovic,G., billings S., hamilton G., 1998. j American society of horti. Sc. • Chadha, M.L. 1993. improvement of brinjal, Advances in horticulture vol. 5- vegetable crops. • George, R.A.T. 1999. vegetable seed production 2nd edition. • Vidhyasagar Kumar, j. 1987. breeding for disease resistance in brinjal a review. SABRAO journal 19. 53-57. • Chakrabrati S.K.,Sharma S.R., Sharma R.P., insect resistance transgenic brinjal plants. Molecular breeding 4. 33-37.
- 20. Thank you