Akemi Hirose, 39, recalls when her contract as a temporary worker at a medical organization in Kanagawa Prefecture was suddenly terminated three years and three months after she started.

No clear explanation was given by the organization or the temp dispatch company, she said. Hirose, currently in litigation demanding to be hired by the organization, which cut her loose in 2009, said temp staff lack employment stability.

Because such workers must renew their contracts every few months they are in a very weak position in the workplace, she said. Even if they have a grievance, they keep it to themselves out of fear that their contracts could be terminated if they file a complaint, she said.